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{"id":263,"date":"2016-10-17T05:53:57","date_gmt":"2016-10-17T05:53:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/art85.patrickaievoli.com\/?p=263"},"modified":"2016-10-17T05:53:57","modified_gmt":"2016-10-17T05:53:57","slug":"week-7-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hod.post101resources.com\/class-lectures\/week-7-8\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 7-8"},"content":{"rendered":"

Edison – (1847-1931)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
Inventor Thomas Edison created such great innovations as the practical incandescent electric light bulb and the phonograph. A savvy businessman, he held more than 1,000 patents for his inventions.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Who Was Thomas Edison?<\/span><\/h3>\n
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, <\/span>1847 to October 18, 1931) was an American inventor who is considered one of America’s leading businessmen. Edison rose from humble beginnings to work as an inventor of <\/span>major technology, including the first commercially viable incandescent light bulb. He is credited today for helping to build America’s economy during the nation’s vulnerable early years.<\/span><\/p>\n
What Did Thomas Edison Invent?<\/span><\/h3>\n
Thomas Edison\u2019s inventions included the telegraph, the universal stock ticker,\u00a0the phonograph<\/a>, the first commercially practical incandescent electric light bulb, alkaline storage batteries and the Kinetograph (a camera for motion pictures).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
Link –\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
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Muybridge<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nEadweard Muybridge’s photography of moving animals captured movement in a way that had never been done before. His work was used by both scientists and artists.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u201cI am going to make a name for myself. If I fail, you will never hear of me again.\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u2014Eadweard Muybridge<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n
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Synopsis<\/span><\/h3>\n
Hollywood couldn’t have devised a more titillating scenario. Eadweard Muybridge, an eccentric inventor, was on the verge of a truly revolutionary discovery when his young wife had an affair. Muybridge killed the suitor in cold blood and was later acquitted on a verdict of “justifiable homicide.” He resumed his work and developed a miraculous process for capturing movement on film, laying the groundwork for the motion picture industry.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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Link –\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
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Motion Pictures<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n
History of the motion picture<\/span><\/strong>,\u00a0<\/strong>history of\u00a0cinema<\/a>\u00a0from the 19th century to the present.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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Early Years, 1830\u20131910<\/span><\/h2>\n
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Origins<\/span><\/h2>\n
The\u00a0 illusion<\/a>\u00a0of motion pictures is based on the optical phenomena known as\u00a0 <\/a>persistence of vision<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0 <\/a>phi phenomenon<\/a>. The first of these causes the brain to retain images cast upon the retina of the eye for a fraction of a second beyond their disappearance from the field of sight, while the latter creates apparent movement between images when they succeed one another rapidly. Together these phenomena permit the succession of still frames on a motion-picture film strip to represent continuous movement when projected at the proper speed (traditionally 16 frames per second for silent films and 24 frames per second for sound films). Before the invention of photography, a variety of optical toys exploited this effect by mounting successive phase drawings of things in motion on the face of a twirling disk (the\u00a0 <\/a>phenakistoscope<\/a>,\u00a0c.<\/em>\u00a01832) or inside a rotating drum (the zoetrope,\u00a0c.<\/em>\u00a01834). Then, in 1839,\u00a0<\/a>Louis-Jacques-Mand\u00e9 Daguerre<\/a>, a French painter, perfected the positive photographic process known as daguerreotypy, and that same year the English scientist\u00a0 <\/a>William Henry Fox Talbot<\/a>\u00a0successfully demonstrated a\u00a0 <\/a>negative<\/a><\/span>photographic process that theoretically allowed unlimited positive prints to be produced from each negative. As photography was innovated and refined over the next few decades, it became possible to replace the phase drawings in the early optical toys and devices with individually posed phase photographs, a practice that was widely and popularly carried out.<\/span><\/p>\n
Link –\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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Farnsworth<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nPhilo Farnsworth<\/span><\/strong>,\u00a0<\/strong>in full\u00a0Philo Taylor Farnsworth II<\/span>\u00a0(born\u00a0August<\/a>\u00a019, 1906, Beaver,\u00a0 Utah<\/a>, U.S.\u2014died\u00a0March 11, 1971,\u00a0 Salt Lake City<\/a>, Utah), American inventor who developed the first all-electronic<\/a>\u00a0 <\/a>television<\/a><\/span>system.<\/span><\/p>\n
Farnsworth was a technical prodigy from an early age. An\u00a0 avid<\/a>\u00a0reader of science magazines as a teenager, he became interested in the problem of television and was convinced that mechanical systems that used, for example, a spinning disc would be too slow to scan and assemble images many times a second. Only an electronic system could scan and assemble an image fast enough, and by 1922 he had worked out the basic outlines of electronic television.<\/span><\/p>\n
In 1923, while still in\u00a0 high school<\/a>, Farnsworth also entered\u00a0 Brigham Young University<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0 Provo<\/a>, Utah, as a special student. However, his father\u2019s death in January 1924 meant that he had to leave\u00a0 Brigham Young<\/a><\/span>and work to support his family while finishing high school.<\/span><\/p>\n
Link –<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
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Baroque Period – 16th to 18th Century<\/strong><\/h3>\nBaroque art and architecture<\/strong>, the\u00a0visual arts<\/a>\u00a0and building design and construction produced during the era in the history of Western art that roughly coincides with the 17th century. The earliest\u00a0 manifestations<\/a>, which occurred in Italy, date from the latter decades of the 16th century, while in some regions, notably Germany and colonial\u00a0 South America<\/a>, certain culminating achievements of Baroque did not occur until the 18th century. The work that distinguishes the Baroque period is stylistically complex, even contradictory. In general, however, the desire to evoke emotional states by appealing to the senses, often in dramatic ways, underlies its manifestations. Some of the qualities most frequently associated with the Baroque are grandeur, sensuous richness,\u00a0 drama<\/a>, vitality, movement, tension, emotional exuberance, and a tendency to blur distinctions between the various arts.<\/p>\n
Link –\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n
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Early Designers and Movements<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nArts and Crafts Movement – 19th to 20th Century<\/strong><\/h3>\nThe Arts and Crafts movement emerged during the late Victorian period in England, the most industrialized country in the world at that time. Anxieties about\u00a0 industrial life<\/a>\u00a0fueled a positive revaluation of handcraftsmanship and precapitalist forms of culture and society. Arts and Crafts designers sought to improve standards of decorative design, believed to have been debased by mechanization, and to\u00a0 create environments<\/a>\u00a0in which beautiful and fine workmanship governed. The Arts and Crafts movement did not promote a particular style, but it did advocate reform as part of its philosophy and instigated a critique of industrial labor; as modern machines replaced workers, Arts and Crafts proponents called for an end to the division of labor and advanced the designer as craftsman.<\/p>\n
Link –\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n
William Morris<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Elegant swirls of vines, flowers, and leaves in perfect symmetry, William Morris\u2019 iconic patterns are instantly recognizable. Designed during the 1800s, Morris\u2019 woodblock-printed wallpaper designs were revolutionary for their time, and can still be found all over the world, printed for furniture upholstery, curtains, ceramics, and even fashion accessories. But do you know the history of how they came to be?<\/p>\n
Link –\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n
Charles Rennie Mackintosh<\/b><\/h3>\nCharles Rennie Mackintosh<\/b>\u00a0(7 June 1868 \u2013 10 December 1928) was a Scottish architect, designer, water colourist and artist. His artistic approach had much in common with European\u00a0Symbolism<\/a>. His work, alongside that of his wife\u00a0 Margaret Macdonald<\/a>, was influential on European design movements such as\u00a0 Art Nouveau<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0 Secessionism<\/a>\u00a0and praised by great modernists such as\u00a0 Josef Hoffmann<\/a>. Mackintosh was born in\u00a0 Glasgow<\/a>\u00a0and died in\u00a0 London<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Link –\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n
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Peter Behrens Facts<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/figure>\n
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Peter Behrens (1868-1940) was Germany’s foremost architect in the early 20th century, as well as a painter and designer. His buildings greatly influenced the architecture of the next generation in Europe.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n
Peter Behrens was born in Hamburg on April 14, 1868. He studied painting at the School of Art in Karlsruhe (1886-1889). He spent the 1890s in Munich as a painter and designer in the current Jugendstil, or German Art Nouveau style, and cofounded the Sezession group of artists, architects, and designers in 1893. In 1899 he joined the artists’ colony on the Mathildenh\u00f6he in Darmstadt, where, under the influence of J. M. Olbrich, he turned to architecture. Behrens’s house at Darmstadt (1900-1901) was a characteristic Art Nouveau work.<\/span><\/p>\n
During his tenure as director of the School of Applied Arts in D\u00fcsseldorf (1903-1907), Behrens designed a series of buildings, including the exhibition hall for the Northwestern German Art Exhibition at Oldenburg (1905). In this design, simple rectilinear geometry, plane surfaces, and incised linear decoration replaced the curvilinear forms of his residence.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Bauhaus – 20th Century and on…<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
The Bauhaus was founded in 1919 in the city of Weimar by German architect Walter Gropius (1883\u20131969). Its core objective was a radical concept: to reimagine the material world to reflect the unity of all the arts. Gropius explained this vision for a union of art and design in the Proclamation of the Bauhaus (1919), which described a utopian craft guild combining architecture, sculpture, and painting into a single creative expression. Gropius developed a craft-based curriculum that would turn out artisans and designers capable of creating useful and beautiful objects appropriate to this new system of living.<\/span><\/p>\n
Link –\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
100 Year Celebration –\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n
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Designers<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n
The process of graphic designing is far more complex than using mere designing tools to develop computer-generated images.<\/span><\/li>\n
The creation of innovative and unprecedented work which provides solution for visual communication.<\/span><\/li>\n
A new field that emerged as an independent subject in the mid-twentieth century.<\/span><\/li>\n
Its development dates back to late 19^{th<\/sup>\u00a0century<\/span><\/li>\n}
The term \u2018Graphic Design\u2019 was coined after the publication of Raffe\u2019s book\u00a0Graphic Design<\/em>\u00a0(1927).<\/span><\/li>\n
Other works include renowned typographer\u00a0Jan Tschichold\u2019s<\/a> book\u00a0New Typography<\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n
Typography is an art of organizing and setting the type in such a manner that it not only attracts reader\u2019s attention but also appeals to their aesthetic sense.<\/span><\/li>\n
Besides Tschichold,\u00a0L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Moholy-Nagy<\/a>, El Lissitzky and\u00a0 Herbert Bayer<\/a>\u00a0are some of the famous\u00a0graphic designers and\u00a0typographers who played an influential role in shaping modern graphic designing.<\/span><\/li>\n
In its early years graphic designing was merely concerned with communicating the ideas and thoughts in a more aesthetic fashion.<\/span><\/li>\n
During first and second world war, several of graphic artists protested against the cruelty of war by designing posters depicting their anguish.<\/span><\/li>\n
Over the decades, graphic designers\u00a0were being commissioned either by government or big corporations to design posters or create an artwork that would propagate certain ideology. For instance, a noted graphic designer,\u00a0 Erik Nitsche<\/a>\u00a0was hired by General Dynamics, a weapon developing corporation, to design posters that would redeem their image in public\u2019s eye.<\/span><\/li>\n
It exemplifies how graphic designing soon became a powerful instrument for communicating ideologies. Thus the graphic art became more commercial and industrial.<\/span><\/li>\n
This led to the emergence of professional graphic design industry.<\/span><\/li>\n
There are multifarious types of graphic design based on the requirement of the project, such as image-based, type-based, symbols, logos and logotypes based designs.<\/span><\/li>\n
As there are several forms of designing, similarly there are many sorts of graphic designers possessing expertise in varying domains of design. Some design logos, typefaces, pictograms, while others create book jackets, magazines, comics, thought-provoking posters, record covers, film\u2019s campaign artworks, corporate identity solutions and more.<\/span><\/li>\n
Milton Glaser<\/a>\u00a0is one of the celebrated graphic artists, known for designing the \u2018I love New York\u2019 logo.<\/span><\/li>\n
Massimo Vignelli\u2019s<\/a>\u00a0name is associated with corporate identity creation of leading corporations; American Airlines, IBM and Bloomingdale\u2019s.<\/span><\/li>\n
German designer,\u00a0 Erik Spiekermann<\/a>\u00a0is recognized for creating numerous fonts and launched FontShop International.<\/span><\/li>\n
A highly controversial artist\u00a0 Stefan Sagmeister<\/a>\u00a0has made a reputation by designing record sleeves for Lou Reed and poster for AIGA.<\/span><\/li>\n
Pioneering book designers,\u00a0 Muriel Cooper<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0 Chip Kidd<\/a>\u00a0are credited for designing books jackets.<\/span><\/li>\n
The American cinema would seem tasteless without\u00a0 John Alvin\u2019s<\/a> inspiring input to the film\u2019s art campaigns such as\u00a0E.T, Jurassic Park, Star Wars\u00a0<\/em>andBatman Returns<\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n
Art director of\u00a0Harpar\u2019s Bazaar<\/em>\u00a0Alexey Brodovitch<\/a>\u00a0is another one of the seminal designer.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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http:\/\/www.famousgraphicdesigners.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
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Edison – (1847-1931) Inventor Thomas Edison created such great innovations as the practical incandescent electric light bulb and the phonograph. A savvy businessman, he held more than 1,000 patents for his inventions. \u00a0 Who Was Thomas Edison? Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 to October 18, 1931) was an American inventor who is considered one […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-class-lectures"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hod.post101resources.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hod.post101resources.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hod.post101resources.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hod.post101resources.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hod.post101resources.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=263"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hod.post101resources.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hod.post101resources.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hod.post101resources.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hod.post101resources.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}